5.7 Package Management: yum and apt
Package manager mhanje mobile madla Play Store – tumhi naav sangta, to trusted repository madhun software aani tyache dependencies aanto.
| Task | Ubuntu / Debian (apt) |
Amazon Linux 2023, Amazon Linux 2, CentOS Stream 9 (yum) |
|---|---|---|
| Refresh package list | sudo apt update |
(automatic) sudo yum makecache |
| Upgrade all | sudo apt upgrade -y |
sudo yum update -y |
| Install | sudo apt install -y nginx |
sudo yum install -y nginx* |
| Remove | sudo apt remove nginx (purge removes config too) |
sudo yum remove nginx |
| Search | apt search php |
yum search php |
| Info | apt show nginx |
yum info nginx |
| List installed | apt list --installed |
yum list installed |
| Which package gives a file | dpkg -S /usr/sbin/nginx |
yum provides /usr/sbin/nginx |
| Clean cache | sudo apt autoremove && sudo apt clean |
sudo yum clean all |
| Package file format | .deb (dpkg -i) |
.rpm (rpm -i) |
* On Amazon Linux 2, some packages come from amazon-linux-extras (e.g. sudo amazon-linux-extras install nginx1). Amazon Linux 2023 has no amazon-linux-extras; everything is in the regular repositories.
Why this matters for security
Unpatched packages are one of the most common ways in. sudo yum update -y / sudo apt upgrade -y fixes known vulnerabilities (कमकुवत जागा) that tools like Nessus, OpenVAS and Metasploit look for. Install software only from official repositories – random .rpm/.deb files or curl | bash scripts can carry malware.
Ravindra Bagale's Tip
Many students type apt on Amazon Linux and yum on Ubuntu. First check the OS with cat /etc/os-release. Amazon Linux/CentOS = yum, Ubuntu = apt. And on Ubuntu, don't forget sudo apt update before installing.
Ravindra Bagale's Tip – मराठी
Amazon Linux वर apt आणि Ubuntu वर yum type करणारे बरेच students आहेत. आधी cat /etc/os-release ने OS बघा. Amazon Linux/CentOS = yum, Ubuntu = apt. आणि Ubuntu वर install आधी sudo apt update विसरू नका.
Ravindra Bagale's Tip – हिंदी
बहुत से students Amazon Linux पर apt और Ubuntu पर yum type करते हैं. पहले cat /etc/os-release से OS देखो. Amazon Linux/CentOS = yum, Ubuntu = apt. और Ubuntu पर install से पहले sudo apt update मत भूलना.
Practice task
Install git, tree and htop on both your Amazon Linux and Ubuntu instances. Then find which package provides /usr/sbin/sshd on each.